Glyphosate

Glyphosate, a broad-spectrum, non-selective systemic biocide and glycine derivative, inhibits 5-endopyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) in the shikimic acid pathway, preventing aromatic amino acid synthesis. It induces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, leading to neuronal death via autophagy, necrosis, or apoptosis, and behavioral/motor disorders.