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At Protheragen, our cutting-edge adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector platform is revolutionizing the field of gene therapy. It streamlines the development process of AAV vectors while significantly enhancing their functionality. Our platform has successfully overcome the challenges of translating therapies from animal models to human applications. With this advanced technology, we are proud to showcase our dedication to innovation in gene therapy and vector delivery systems. We are uniquely positioned to offer comprehensive, one-stop therapy development services for a wide range of diseases, leveraging the full potential of our AAV vector platform.

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Overview of Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Vector

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors have become a cornerstone in the field of gene therapy. Their remarkable ability to deliver genetic material into host cells with high efficiency and low immunogenicity sets them apart. Derived from the naturally occurring AAV, a small, non-enveloped virus within the Parvoviridae family, AAV vectors possess several key characteristics that make them ideal for gene therapy applications:

  • Non-pathogenic nature: AAV is non-pathogenic in humans, meaning it does not cause disease. This inherent safety enhances the profile of AAV-based gene therapies.
  • Efficient gene delivery: AAV vectors can efficiently transduce a wide range of cell types, including both dividing and non-dividing cells. This versatility makes them suitable for various therapeutic applications.
  • Long-term transgene expression: AAV vectors can mediate stable, long-term expression of therapeutic genes in vivo, which is crucial for treating chronic diseases.
  • Low immunogenicity: AAV vectors generally elicit a weak immune response compared to other viral vectors, reducing the risk of adverse immune reactions.

Classification of AAV Serotype

AAV vectors can be classified according to the serotype of the AAV capsid. Each serotype has unique tissue tropisms and immune profiles, which significantly impact their applicability in specific therapeutic contexts. Here are some commonly used AAV serotypes in gene therapy:

AAV charge density map.Fig.1 Electrostatic potential of AAV capsids. (Suarez-Amaran, L., et al., 2025)

  • AAV1: It is frequently employed for targeting muscle and neuronal tissues.
  • AAV2: As the most extensively studied serotype, AAV2 is widely used for various applications, such as ocular and central nervous system (CNS) targeting.
  • AAV5: This serotype is noted for its proficiency in transducing retinal cells and other tissues.
  • AAV6: It is effective for targeting muscle and liver tissues.
  • AAV8: AAV8 is highly efficient for transducing liver and muscle tissues.
  • AAV9: AAV9 has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, making it particularly suitable for CNS targeting.

AAV Vector Powering Therapeutics Development

The field of AAV-based therapy development is rapidly advancing, with numerous clinical trials underway and several therapies already approved by regulatory agencies. The success of AAV-based gene therapies in treating genetic disorders has validated the potential of this approach. However, challenges remain, including the need for more efficient vector delivery systems, the management of immune responses, and the optimization of vector production processes. Ongoing research focuses on developing next-generation AAV vectors with enhanced tissue specificity, reduced immunogenicity, and improved transduction efficiency. Additionally, the scalability and cost-effectiveness of AAV vector production are critical factors for the widespread adoption of these therapies.

Table 1. Approved AAV-based gene therapy products. (Arabi F., et al., 2022)

Year of Approval Trade name (General name) Manufacturer Vector Transferred gene/ genetic modification Indication Ex-vivo/in-vivo (target cell) Approving country/Agency Details
2012 Glybera (alipogene tiparvovec) UniQure AAV1 lipoprotein lipase (LPL S447X) Familial lipoprotein lipase deficiency In-vivo EMA First gene therapy product in the European Union, later withdrawn from the market in 2017
2017 Luxturna (Voretigene Neparvovec-rzyl) Spark Therapeutics (Roche) AAV2 RPE65 RPE65 mutation-associated retinal dystrophy In-vivo FDA, EMA, UK, Australia, Canada, South Korea First FDA-approved In-vivo AAV gene therapy product
2019 Zolgensma (Onasemnogene Abeparvovec-xioi) Novartis AAV9 SMN1 Pediatric Spinal Muscular Atrophy In-vivo FDA, EMA, UK, Japan, Australia, Canada, Brazil, Israel, Taiwan, South Korea Most expensive drug worldwide

Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.

AAVLinkTM Platform

Protheragen’s trio of AAVLinkTM platforms revolutionizes the creation of AAV vectors by simplifying the development process and maximizing their potential. Our proprietary AAV platform is a testament to our relentless pursuit of innovation.

AAV-Find Platform

Unlock the potential of groundbreaking AAV variants that offer superior tissue-specific targeting, driving the future of precision medicine. Our expertise in bridging the gap from animal models to human applications ensures seamless translation, setting the stage for transformative progress in gene therapy and customized therapeutic approaches.

AAV-Stable Platform

Leveraging inducible cell lines, we have revolutionized the manufacturing of AAV vectors, ensuring stable and scalable production. This cutting-edge method guarantees consistent quality and efficiency, allowing us to fulfill the growing demand for AAV vectors in a sustainable and controlled way.

AAV-Expand Platform

Harnessing dual or multiple AAV systems, we surmount packaging limitations to deliver larger therapeutic genes with unparalleled precision and efficacy. This pioneering strategy unlocks the full potential of AAV vectors, transcending size barriers and broadening the horizons of gene therapy applications for intricate genetic conditions.

One-stop Services

AAV Vector Design Services

Protheragen provides a suite of AAV vector design services tailored to the precise needs of gene therapy research and development. Our services are structured to cover every aspect of AAV vector development, from DNA fragment preparation to final delivery.

  • Preparation of DNA Fragments
  • Molecular Cloning: Cloning with Standard Cloning Techniques and Multiple Fragments Assembled Together
  • Quality Control

AAV Packaging Services

Protheragen, a leading provider of advanced gene therapy solutions, offers a comprehensive suite of AAV packaging services to support researchers and developers in the field of gene therapy. Our state-of-the-art facilities and experienced team of scientists are dedicated to delivering high-quality, customized AAV vectors tailored to the specific needs of our clients.

  • Triple Transfection-Based AAV Packaging
  • Baculovirus-Mediated AAV Packaging
  • AAVLinkTMPackaging: We streamline the process by incorporating all essential genes for AAV production into cells, allowing for the efficient generation of viral vectors through induction.

AAV Purification Services

At Protheragen, our AAV purification services are distinguished by our commitment to scientific rigor, our use of state-of-the-art methodologies, and our ability to customize our services to meet specific project needs.

  • Ultracentrifugation Techniques: Cesium Chloride (CsCl) Gradient Ultracentrifugation, Iodixanol Gradient Ultracentrifugation
  • Chromatography Techniques: Ion-Exchange Chromatography (IEX), Affinity Chromatography
  • Filtration Techniques: Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF), Depth Filtration

AAV Characterization Services

Protheragen is committed to staying at the forefront of AAV characterization technology, continuously refining our methods, and integrating new advances to provide the best possible services to our clients.

  • Genomic Titer Determination: We employ qPCR and dPCR to accurately measure the titer of AAV vectors, ensuring precise dosing and therapeutic efficacy.
  • Genome Integrity Analysis: Our NGS services provide a detailed analysis of the AAV genome, detecting any potential mutations or impurities that could affect the safety and efficacy of the vector.
  • Capsid Protein Characterization: Using MS, we determine the composition and modifications of the AAV capsid proteins, ensuring the vector's stability and functionality.
  • Genome Integrity Analysis: Our NGS services provide a detailed analysis of the AAV genome, detecting any potential mutations or impurities that could affect the safety and efficacy of the vector.

AAV Capsid Library Services

Protheragen employs a suite of methodologies to construct and utilize AAV capsid libraries, ensuring the generation of high-quality, diverse viral vectors for gene therapy applications.

  • Capsid Library Production: We specialize in the production of AAV capsid libraries with a focus on generating high-titer, diverse viral preparations.
  • Gene of Interest (GOI) Library Services: Our services include the optimization of gene expression through promoter engineering, ensuring precise and efficient therapeutic gene delivery.
  • Gene Editing Library Services: We provide gene editing library services, featuring custom CRISPR sgRNA libraries and shRNA libraries, enabling high-throughput screening for gene function analysis and therapeutic target identification.

AAV-based Gene Therapy Development

AAV Vector Design and Optimization

We offer comprehensive support for the design and optimization of rAAV vectors, from selecting optimal promoters and transgene cassettes to incorporating regulatory elements. Our goal is to achieve robust and sustained gene expression, tailored to meet specific therapeutic needs.

AAV Production and Purification

Utilizing our cutting-edge GMP-compliant facilities and proprietary manufacturing technologies, we deliver reliable and scalable AAV production and purification services. Our solutions are designed to meet the diverse requirements of our clients, ensuring high-quality vectors for every application.

AAV Characterization and Quality Control

Our extensive analytical capabilities allow for thorough characterization of AAV products. We assess physical, biochemical, and functional properties to ensure consistent quality and safety, providing confidence for downstream applications.

Preclinical Evaluation and Validation

We perform rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies to evaluate the efficacy, biodistribution, and safety of our AAV-based gene therapy candidates. This comprehensive approach generates valuable data to support the successful translation of our therapies into clinical settings.

FAQs

1. What are the key advantages of Protheragen's AAVLinkTM platform for preclinical AAV vector development?
2. How does Protheragen's AAV vector design service support preclinical research?
3. What is the role of AAV packaging services in preclinical development?
4. Why is AAV purification important in preclinical research?
5. How do AAV characterization services benefit preclinical research?

References

  1. Arabi, Fatemeh, Vahid Mansouri, and Naser Ahmadbeigi. "Gene therapy clinical trials, where do we go? An overview." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 153 (2022): 113324.
  2. Suarez-Amaran, Lester, et al. "AAV vector development, back to the future." Molecular Therapy 33.5 (2025): 1903-1936.
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Our AAVLinkTM platform is at the forefront of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector development, leveraging our extensive expertise and state-of-the-art technologies to drive innovation in gene therapy.

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