Biomarker Analysis Services for Lupus Erythematosus
Protheragen offers specialized biomarker analysis services exclusively focused on supporting drug discovery and preclinical development for Lupus Erythematosus. Our comprehensive biomarker panel is designed to advance the understanding of disease pathophysiology, enabling the identification and characterization of molecular targets relevant to therapeutic development. Please note that all our services are strictly limited to research and preclinical drug development; we do not provide clinical diagnostic services.
Effective therapeutic intervention for Lupus Erythematosus begins with the discovery and identification of relevant biomarkers. At Protheragen, our biomarker discovery services are integral to the drug development process, enabling the detection of molecular signatures associated with disease mechanisms. We employ a systematic approach that includes high-throughput screening, in silico analysis, and experimental validation to identify and prioritize biomarkers. Our process encompasses initial screening of candidate molecules, rigorous validation using appropriate models, and confirmation of specificity and relevance to Lupus Erythematosus pathophysiology.
Multi Omics: Leveraging cutting-edge -omics technologies, Protheragen integrates genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics to provide a holistic view of biological systems in Lupus Erythematosus. This comprehensive approach facilitates the identification of DNA, RNA, protein, and metabolite biomarkers, enabling deep interrogation of disease-relevant pathways such as immune dysregulation, inflammatory cascades, and autoantibody production. Our multi-omics platform supports the elucidation of complex molecular networks, aiding in the discovery of novel therapeutic targets.
Candidate Validation: Our candidate validation strategies are designed to confirm the association of identified biomarkers with Lupus Erythematosus pathophysiology. We conduct preliminary screening using in vitro and in vivo models, followed by functional assays and quantitative analyses. Criteria for prioritizing promising candidates include biological relevance, reproducibility, specificity to disease mechanisms, and feasibility for downstream assay development. This rigorous process ensures that only the most relevant biomarkers progress to further stages of research.
Diverse Technological Platforms: Protheragen offers custom assay development capabilities, adapting technological platforms to meet specific research requirements. Our laboratory infrastructure supports the deployment of immunoassays, mass spectrometry, flow cytometry, molecular diagnostics, and histopathology/imaging modalities. We tailor platform selection and optimization to the unique characteristics of each biomarker and research objective.
Immunoassays: We develop and employ ELISA, chemiluminescent, and multiplex immunoassays for sensitive and specific quantification of protein biomarkers in various sample matrices.
Mass Spectrometry: Our LC-MS/MS platforms enable high-resolution, quantitative analysis of proteins, peptides, and metabolites, supporting both discovery and targeted validation studies.
Flow Cytometry: We utilize flow cytometry for multiparametric analysis of cell populations, enabling the detection and quantification of cell surface and intracellular markers relevant to immune function.
Molecular Diagnostics: We implement PCR, qPCR, and other nucleic acid-based assays for detection and quantification of gene expression and genetic variants associated with disease.
Histopathology And Imaging: Our histopathology and imaging services include immunohistochemistry and advanced microscopy for spatial localization and morphological assessment of biomarkers in tissue samples.
Rigorous Method Validation: All analytical methods undergo rigorous validation in accordance with established research guidelines. We assess performance characteristics such as sensitivity, specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and reproducibility. Comprehensive quality control measures are implemented throughout the validation process to ensure data reliability and integrity.
Protheragen provides robust quantitative analysis capabilities, enabling precise measurement of biomarker levels across diverse sample types. Our protocols ensure accurate quantification, normalization, and comparative analysis, supporting data-driven decision-making in preclinical research.
Sample Analysis: We handle a wide range of biological sample types, including blood, plasma, serum, tissue, and cell lysates. Our analysis protocols encompass sample preparation, extraction, and processing steps optimized for each biomarker and assay type. Stringent quality measures are applied at every stage to preserve sample integrity and ensure reproducibility.
High Throughput Capabilities: Our high-throughput analytical platforms facilitate multiplexed analysis, enabling simultaneous quantification of multiple biomarkers from limited sample volumes. This approach enhances efficiency, reduces turnaround times, and conserves valuable research materials, making it ideal for exploratory studies and large-scale screening.
| Gene Target | Biological Function | Application as a Biomarker |
|---|---|---|
| Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) | Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec family. It plays a critical role in B-cell development, differentiation, and signaling. Upon activation of the B-cell receptor (BCR), BTK is recruited to the plasma membrane, where it participates in a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of downstream molecules, including phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCγ2). This signaling is essential for B-cell proliferation, survival, and maturation. Mutations in the BTK gene result in X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by an absence of mature B cells and low immunoglobulin levels. | BTK expression and activity have been utilized as biomarkers in hematological malignancies, particularly B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders such as chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Assessment of BTK can assist in identifying B-cell lineage and evaluating disease pathogenesis. Additionally, BTK is a pharmacodynamic biomarker for monitoring response to BTK inhibitor therapies, providing information on target engagement and therapeutic efficacy. |
| interferon gamma (IFNG) | Interferon gamma (IFNG) is a cytokine produced primarily by activated T lymphocytes and natural killer (NK) cells. It plays a central role in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in the defense against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, certain bacteria, and protozoa. IFNG exerts its biological effects by binding to the interferon gamma receptor, leading to the activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and subsequent transcription of interferon-stimulated genes. These genes mediate various functions, including the enhancement of antigen presentation through upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, activation of macrophages, promotion of Th1 cell differentiation, and regulation of immune cell trafficking and effector functions. IFNG also has regulatory roles in immunomodulation and inflammation. | IFNG is used as a biomarker to assess cellular immune responses, particularly T cell-mediated immunity. Measurement of IFNG production or expression is employed in diagnostic assays such as the interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) for the detection of latent or active Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Additionally, IFNG levels have been investigated as indicators of immune activation in autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer immunotherapy. Its quantification can provide information on immune status, disease activity, or response to immunomodulatory treatments. |
| myeloperoxidase (MPO) | Myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a heme-containing peroxidase enzyme predominantly expressed in neutrophil granulocytes and, to a lesser extent, in monocytes. MPO is stored in the azurophilic granules of these cells and is released during degranulation in response to inflammatory stimuli. Its primary biological function is to catalyze the conversion of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and chloride ions (Cl-) into hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a potent antimicrobial oxidant. This reaction is a key component of the neutrophil's oxidative burst, contributing to the destruction of pathogens during the innate immune response. MPO-generated reactive oxygen species can also modify host biomolecules, and excessive MPO activity has been associated with tissue damage and the propagation of inflammatory processes. | Myeloperoxidase has been studied as a biomarker in various clinical contexts due to its association with inflammation and oxidative stress. Elevated MPO levels in blood or tissues have been reported in conditions such as acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In cardiovascular research, MPO concentrations have been investigated for their potential to reflect neutrophil activation, plaque instability, and risk of adverse cardiac events. Additionally, MPO activity has been measured in biological fluids to assess the extent of inflammatory responses or oxidative tissue injury. Its application as a biomarker is based on established correlations between MPO levels and disease activity or prognosis in these settings. |
| signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) | Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a member of the STAT protein family. It functions as a cytoplasmic transcription factor that is activated in response to cytokines and growth factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and others. Upon activation, STAT3 undergoes phosphorylation, dimerizes, and translocates to the nucleus, where it regulates the expression of genes involved in cell growth, survival, differentiation, immune function, and inflammation. STAT3 plays a critical role in mediating cellular responses to extracellular signals and is involved in various physiological processes, including hematopoiesis, immune regulation, and tissue repair. | STAT3 has been studied as a biomarker in several contexts, particularly in oncology and inflammatory diseases. Its expression and activation (phosphorylation status) have been associated with tumor progression, prognosis, and response to therapy in various cancers, such as breast, lung, and colorectal carcinomas. In addition, STAT3 activity has been investigated as an indicator of inflammatory status in autoimmune and chronic inflammatory conditions. Measurement of STAT3 levels or phosphorylation state in tissue samples, blood, or other biological fluids can provide information about disease state, progression, or treatment response. |
| toll like receptor 7 (TLR7) | Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) is a member of the toll-like receptor family, which plays a critical role in the innate immune system. TLR7 is primarily expressed in plasmacytoid dendritic cells and B cells, where it is localized to endosomal compartments. It recognizes single-stranded RNA (ssRNA), such as that derived from viruses, and upon ligand binding, initiates a signaling cascade leading to the activation of transcription factors including NF-κB and IRF7. This activation results in the production of type I interferons and pro-inflammatory cytokines, contributing to the host defense against viral infections. TLR7-mediated signaling is essential for the detection of viral pathogens and the initiation of adaptive immune responses. | TLR7 expression and activity have been studied as potential biomarkers for immune activation, disease susceptibility, and prognosis in various conditions. Altered TLR7 levels or function have been observed in certain viral infections, autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, and some cancers. Measurement of TLR7 expression or signaling components in blood or tissue samples has been utilized in research settings to assess immune status, disease progression, and response to therapy. |
Explore Research Opportunities with Protheragen. Our biomarker research services offer advanced capabilities for the discovery, characterization, and analysis of molecular targets relevant to Lupus Erythematosus. We emphasize the exploratory and research-focused nature of our work, providing comprehensive support for preclinical drug development. Please note that all biomarkers discussed herein are research targets only; we do not claim any as validated or mandatory markers. Our services are dedicated exclusively to preclinical research, and we maintain strict scientific objectivity in all collaborations.
We invite you to engage with Protheragen to discuss collaborative opportunities in biomarker research for Lupus Erythematosus. Our focus is on scientific exploration, knowledge exchange, and advancing preclinical understanding—contact us to explore how we can support your research objectives.
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