Effectively managing macrocytic anemias requires accurate diagnosis and treatment. Protheragen is commited to providing advanced diagnostic and therapeutic development solutions for the unmet needs in macrocytic anemia management. We stand by your side as a reliable partner in the therapeutics of macrocytic anemias and offer valued services tailored to cover all your research requirements.
Macrocytic anemia is a hematologic pathology marked by increased volume of red blood cells with mean corpuscular volume (MCV) exceeding 100 fL, which causes oxygen transport impairment. Based on the pathophysiology, macrocytic anemias can be classified into two primary types:
| Types | Primary Cause | Key Etiologies | RBC Morphology |
|---|---|---|---|
| Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia | Impaired DNA synthesis | Vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, drug-induced anemia | Oval macrocytes, hypersegmented neutrophils |
| Non-Megaloblastic Macrocytic Anemia | Non-DNA synthesis related mechanisms | Alcoholism, liver disease, myelodysplastic syndromes, hypothyroidism | Round macrocytes, no neutrophil hypersegmentation |
There are two main types of megaloblastic anemia: megaloblastic anemia and non-megaloblastic anemia. Large immature red blood cells are produced because of deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate which leads to impaired DNA synthesis of red blood cells; this is known as megaloblastic anemia. Non-megaloblastic anemia, on the other hand, does lead to macrocytosis in the bone marrow, but does not exhibit any other typical features of megaloblastic changes. Factors such as liver disorders, alcoholism, or even hypothyroidism can cause this.
Fig.1 Mechanism that may lead to megaloblastic anemia, due to structural similarity between bacterial and human dihydrofolate reductase. (Delijewski M, et al., 2023)
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Targets | NCT Number | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hydroxocobalamin | Binds to and replenishes vitamin B12 stores, serving as a cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to restore DNA synthesis and mitochondrial metabolism. | Methionine synthase (MTR), Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MUT) | NCT03372447 | Approved |
| DFS-IoFA-2 | Inhibits folate metabolism interference, potentially bypassing dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibition to restore thymidine synthesis for DNA replication. | Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), Thymidylate synthase (TYMS) | NCT06223854 | Phase I |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Protheragen maintains full dedication to developing diagnostic and therapeutic services directed towards megaloblastic anemia. We also design sophisticated preclinical studies and corresponding disease models to advance therapies. We focus on purposeful innovations, which enable our clients to take advantage of precision research support that drive effective treatment strategies.
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Reference
Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPDs)
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes (BMFS)