In treating normocytic anemia, the primary focus lies on solving the underlying cause, which may be complex. Protheragen employs modern understandings relating to the causative factors of normocytic anemia in order to develop proprietary therapies and precision animal models, speeding the process of preclinical testing of new drugs. We aim to implement accurate and comprehensive assistance, which will simplify the process of drug development.
Normocytic anemia is characterized by the hemoglobin levels of lower than 12 g/dL and 13 g/dL for females and males respectively, as well as the normal mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in the range of 80 to 100 fL. It is distinct from microcytic anemia which has MCV less than 80 fL and macrocytic anemia with MCV greater than 100 fL. This condition arises as a result of inadequate erythropoiesis, hemorrhage, or hemolysis.
Fig.1 The step-by-step laboratory tests in normocytic anemia. (Halfon P, et al., 2024)
Development of normocytic anemia manifests from subpar red blood cell (RBC) synthesis or overzealous RBC destruction while conserving normal mean cell volume (MCV) and lowering erythrocyte count. Its pathophysiology has three main pathways: (1) functioning iron deficiency due to inflammatory cytokine networks (IL-6/hepcidin axis), (2) EPO deficiency/resistance in renal disease, and (3) hemolysis caused by mechanical or immune means.
Fig.2 Causes of anemia in the elderly. (Wacka E, et al., 2024)
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Phase |
|---|---|---|
| Erythropoietin | Stimulates erythroid progenitor proliferation and differentiation in bone marrow via binding to EPO receptors. | Approved |
| Vitamin B12 | Acts as cofactor for methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase to support DNA synthesis and erythrocyte maturation. | Approved |
| Folate | Provides tetrahydrofolate for thymidylate synthase-mediated DNA synthesis in developing erythroblasts. | Approved |
| Iron Supplements | Replenishes iron stores to support heme synthesis in erythroid precursors. | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
At Protheragen, we spearhead innovation in diagnostics and therapeutics for normocytic anemia as a specialized research service provider. We focus on the development of in vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits as well as targeted therapies aimed at disrupting the pathogenesis of normocytic anemia. Through the use of advanced disease models and preclinical research, we ensure that all of our solutions are relevant and impactful on clinical transformation.
Animal Model Development Services
Protheragen provides all-inclusive services which consists of pharmacodynamics (PD) and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies along with toxicology studies to validate and optimize therapies for normocytic anemia. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.
References
Myeloproliferative Disorders (MPDs)
Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes (BMFS)