Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Cardiac sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disease whose hallmark features include non-caseating epithelioid cell granulomas that can affect multiple body tissues. Protheragen is a specialized research service provider focused on stimulating drug discovery and development for rare cardiovascular disorders including cardiac sarcoidosis. Our goal is to provide broad, integrated, and tailored services designed to optimize the research effort so that our clients can concentrate on creating novel therapeutics.
Overview of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Progression of cardiac sarcoidosis leads to the development of inflammatory cardiomyopathy and complex complications such as high-degree atrioventricular block, ventricular tachycardia, heart failure, and in some cases, sudden cardiac death. Cardiac sarcoidosis is said to be the second leading cause of death in individuals afflicted with sarcoidosis. Cardiac pathology is defined as having granulomatous inflammation distributed across the pericardium, myocardium, and endocardium.
Fig.1 A multi-disciplinary approach to diagnosing and treating cardiac sarcoidosis. (Sharma, R., et al., 2024)Pathogenesis of Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Various elements are interconnected to the pathogenesis of cardiac sarcoidosis such as genetic predisposition in relation to immune system disorder, antecedent infection history, and work-related as well as environmental exposures.
The course of the disease is affected by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene. The immunological basis that is accountable for the generation of sarcoid is mainly driven by a hyperactive response of the TH1 cells in the production of cytokines such as interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon γ, and IL-12.
Fig.2 Histopathology analysis. (Lehtonen, J., et al., 2023)Therapeutics Development for Cardiac Sarcoidosis
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Targets | NCT Number | Research Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baricitinib | Achieves myocardial fibrosis suppression through inhibition of the JAK/STAT and TGF-β1 pathways. | JAK1/JAK2 | NCT06868381 | Phase II |
| Rilonacept | Functions as an IL-1 trap that binds to circulating IL-1α and IL-1β and dampens their inflammatory effects. | IL-1α, IL-1β | NCT06660732 | Phase II |
| Namilumab | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) blockade is capable of inhibiting granuloma formation and maintenance. | GM-CSF | NCT05351554 | Phase II |
| Anakinra | An anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist. | IL-1 | NCT04017936 | Phase II |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
A complete range of services is available at our company, from diagnostics and therapeutics to the development of disease models. Additional expertise includes the execution of pharmacokinetic studies as well as the design of comprehensive preclinical safety studies to guarantee assistance on all aspects of your investigation. Appreciating the intricacies related to unique rare cardiovascular maladies allows us to structure our support in a way that meets the needs of researchers and drug developers.
Therapeutic Development Services
Animal Model Development for Cardiac Sarcoidosis
Models of animals with cardiac sarcoidosis are important for advancing knowledge of the disease's pathophysiology, studying potential therapeutic modalities, and assessing therapy responses. We provide customized animal model development services for specific areas of research related to cardiac sarcoidosis.
The gene engineering model involves gene-editing tools to either knock out, knock in or modify genes that regulate immune responses and inflammation.
Optional models: TSC2 conditional deletion model, etc.
Induced animal models are constructed by triggering an immune response that parallels the granulomatous inflammation observed in cardiac sarcoidosis.
Optional models: Carbon nanotube injection induced model, etc.
Working to accelerate the path from discovery to therapy, Protheragen provides state-of-the-art technologies and specialists interested in the therapy and diagnosis of rare cardiovascular diseases. Together, we can drive meaningful advancements and enhance therapeutics for cardiac sarcoidosis. For service inquiries, reach out to us directly.
References
- Lehtonen, Jukka et al. "Cardiac sarcoidosis: phenotypes, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis." European heart journal 44.17 (2023): 1495-1510.
- Sharma, Rakesh et al. "Management of cardiac sarcoidosis." European heart journal 45.30 (2024): 2697-2726.
For research use only, not for clinical use.