Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT), or chaotic atrial arrhythmia, is unusual and develops from several foci of increased automaticity situated inside the atria. Protheragen is one of the pioneering providers of research services focused on uncommon cardiovascular diseases, including MAT. We integrate profound scientific understanding alongside sophisticated technological frameworks to expedite timelines for drug development and revolutionary research.
Introduction to Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Multifocal atrial tachycardia (MAT) is a subtype of tachycardia that originates from multiple ectopic foci in the atria and has an irregular and rapid atrial rhythm. It has been noted that MAT is accompanied by atrial activity with distinct P-waves in the same lead with three or more different morphologies, non-sinus P-waves, and a heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. A feature of this rhythm is that the PP intervals are irregular. This condition is progressive and is most often associated with elderly individuals, of which the most prevalent underlying disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Fig.1 The etiopathogenesis of MAT. (Chen, H., et al., 2022)Pathogenesis of Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
Chronic pulmonary disease, underlying cardiac problems, electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia), medications, and chronic renal failure are the most common associations of MAT. As of now, the mechanism causing MAT continues to remain elusive.
The various discrete morphologies of the P waves associated with variable PR intervals suggest that there is an atrial pacemaker activity emanating from various ectopic foci within the atria. Hence, it can be said that every unique P wave corresponds to a different site within the atrium. While some advance the theory of re-entry, abnormal automaticity, or triggered activity as possible explanations, none have been conclusively proven to holistic scrutiny.
Therapeutics Development for Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia (MAT)
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Targets | Research Phase |
|---|---|---|---|
| Metoprolol | Acts on the β-1 adrenergic receptors in the heart to decrease the influence of catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline on the heart. | β1-adrenergic receptor | Approved |
| Verapamil | Block the entry of calcium ions into the slow L-type calcium channels in the myocardium and smooth muscle during depolarization. | CaV1.2 | Approved |
| Aprindine | Decrease the rate of conduction of electrical impulses within the heart. | CaM, NaV1.5 | Approved |
| Ivabradine | Block hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels leads to interruption of If ion current flow, and prolonging diastolic depolarization. | HCN channels | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a therapy plan recommendation. For guidance on therapy options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
Working hand-in-hand with researchers and partners in the industry, we strive to provide precise, translational insights that drive next-generation therapeutics. We offer comprehensive, one-stop solutions that encompass every phase of drug discovery and development. Our capabilities include diagnostics and therapeutic methods, as well as the creation of new models of disease which permits us to incorporate cutting-edge scientific advances within our services with great ease.
Therapeutic Development Services
Diverse Platforms
Animal Model Development for MAT
The creation of animal models is essential to explore the mechanisms and possible therapy avenues for MAT. Our company specializes in developing custom animal models specifically to solve the complexities involved in both researching and treating MAT to enable reliable and reproducible evaluation of drug efficacy and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
Chemical-induced Animal Models
MAT animal model is induced through pharmacological interventions or surgical techniques, which help simulate the atrial remodeling and conduction abnormalities.
Optional models: Methamphetamine-induced model, other models.
At Protheragen, we customize every project to address the specific challenges associated with rare and complex cardiovascular disorders. In addition, we offer comprehensive preclinical services, which incorporate pharmacokinetics and extensive drug safety assessments. Such an approach allows our clients to receive an all-inclusive solution that lessens risk and accelerates research results. If you would like to learn more about our services, do not hesitate to reach out.
Reference
- Chen, Huaiyang et al. "Progress of Pathogenesis in Pediatric Multifocal Atrial Tachycardia." Frontiers in pediatrics 10 (2022): 922464.
For research use only, not for clinical use.