Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is communication between the left and right ventricle. This is a form of congenital cardiac defect (CHD), representing 40% of all cardiac malformations. Protheragen is one of the best preclinical research service providers which focuses on unlocking the rare cardiovascular diseases, in which VSD is included. With years of experience and a bench of talented professionals, we work tirelessly to provide one-stop services ranging from early discovery to product development.
Introduction to Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
Ventricular septal defect (VSD) is the most common form of CHD and can be easily misdiagnosed and missed. It can be an isolated defect (isolated VSD) or it may occur with other heart abnormalities (including tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, or persistent truncus arteriosus). A VSD is categorizable into 4 groups based on defect location and margins as seen from the right ventricle (RV side):
- Central Perimembranous VSD
- Inlet or Atrioventricular Canal VSD
- Muscular (Trabecular) VSD
- Infundibular (Outlet) VSD
Fig.1 Diagram of right ventricle anatomy and VSD classification based on margins and localization. (Fusco, F., et al., 2022)Pathogenesis of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
VSD is primarily due to a developmental failure to form the interventricular septum in the embryonic heart, resulting in an abnormal opening that allows for blood to flow abnormally between the left and right ventricles, interfering with normal blood flow in circulatory physiology. Aortic valve prolapses, and pulmonary or systemic outflow tract obstruction, are other pathophysiological considerations for VSD. These defects close to the aortic valve (doubly committed and perimembranous defects) may also be associated with aortic valve prolapse and regurgitation resulting from Venturi effects and lack of leaflet support and commissural suspension.
Fig.2 Transthoracic echocardiography views are used to evaluate VSDs. (Fusco, F., et al., 2022)Therapeutics Development for Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
| Drug Name | Mechanism of Action | Targets | NCT Number | Research Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| L-Citrulline | Enhancing endothelium function and vasodilation to relieve hemodynamic stress of the VSD. | / | NCT05253209 | Phase III |
| Salbutamol sulfate | Its mode of action is to optimize hemodynamic stability in VSD by eliciting pulmonary vasodilatation and myocardial contractility. | β2-adrenergic receptor | NCT02914652 | Phase IV |
| Sildenafil | Acts as a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, thus promoting pulmonary vasodilatation and decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance. | PDE5A | NCT02595541 | Phase I/II |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a therapy plan recommendation. For guidance on therapy options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
A full range of services that span the entire drug discovery and development process are provided by our company. From comprehensive diagnostics development and cutting-edge therapeutic strategies to vigorous disease model establishments, our research services encompass all aspects of research to bring the most value to you in a seamless manner. Specialized preclinical services we have also a strong expertise in custom in vivo studies pharmacokinetics profiling, and drug safety evaluation studies providing our clients with vital information on drug behavior and toxicology.
Therapeutic Development Services
Animal Model Development for VSD
Utilizing innovative approaches and expertise in cardiovascular biology, we provide custom animal model development services for VSD and other rare cardiovascular diseases that more closely simulate the complexity of human cardiac defects, providing researchers access to high-quality, reliable models for preclinical drug testing and safety studies, as well as translational research efforts.
The surgical induction model of VSD was performed by making accurate septal incisions in the animal heart.
- Transcatheter puncture method
- Other models
In the chemical induction model, teratogenic agents are employed to perturb normal cardiac septation.
- Dimethadione (DMO)-induced model
- Retinoic acid-induced model
- Other models
Using cutting-edge technology, pioneering techniques, and expert knowledge in cardiovascular biology, Protheragen partners with you to enable ground-breaking research and development projects. By providing customized answers to the unique challenges of rare cardiovascular conditions, our partners are set free to innovate the therapy development process. If you would like to learn more about our services, please contact us.
Reference
- Fusco, Flavia et al. "Imaging of ventricular septal defect: Native and post-repair." International journal of cardiology. Congenital heart disease 7 (2022): 100335.
For research use only, not for clinical use.