Anal Cancer

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Anal Cancer

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Although anal cancer is not widespread, its incidence has steadily risen by 2.7% per year in the last 10 years. The principal risk factor for this type of cancer is a human papillomavirus infection, especially among people with chronic immunosuppression. At Protheragen, we proactively strive to advance cancer research in infrequent gastrointestinal disorders, particularly anal cancer. We offer a one-stop service that integrates all steps of the drug development cycle.

Overview of Anal Cancer

Due to its rarity, anal cancer constitutes approximately 2% of malignant tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Like many cancers, anal cancer has its unique epidemiology which varies across Western countries, specifically the UK, Netherlands, Australia, and the US having an annual incidence of 0.7 to 1.7 cases per 100,000 individuals. The most prevalent form of anal cancer is squamous cell cancer, which has an astonishingly increasing incidence every year. In the US alone, squamous cell carcinoma of the anus is increasing annually by 2.7% with an increasing mortality rate of 3.1%.

Immunogenic properties of HPV oncoproteins.Fig.1 Immunogenicity of HPV oncoproteins. (Dhawan, N., et al., 2023)

Pathogenesis of Anal Cancer

It is believed that chronic inflammation, possibly due to HPV or HIV infection, or from inflammatory bowel disease, can lead to the development of anal cancer. The process of anal HPV-induced carcinogenesis is similar to that of the cervical type in that there is viral integration into the host's genome with successive formations of precursor lesions known as anal intraepithelial neoplasia. The most common HPV genotypes linked to the cancer are HPV-16 and HPV-18.

Innovative studies on the use of biomarkers for anal cancer.

Fig.2 Biomarkers of anal cancer. (Carchman, E., and Sanger, C. B., 2025)

Therapeutics Development for Anal Cancer

Drug Names Mechanism of Action Targets NCT Number Research Phase
Pembrolizumab Release the inhibition of the immune response of T-cells, including an anti-tumor response. PD-1 NCT06669572 Phase II
SCG142 Transform the immunosuppressive effect of TGF-β to co-stimulatory signal, enhancing T cell persistence while further improving tumor cell killing. HPV E7 NCT06544720 Phase I
CRTE7A2-01 Specifically, recognize and bind to the oncoprotein of HPV16 presented on the surface of tumor cells. HPV E7 NCT06358053 Phase I
HRYZ-T101 Induce selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells expressing the HPV-18 TAA. HPV-18 TAA NCT05952947 Phase I
KFA115 An immunomodulator under investigation for the therapy of certain advanced cancers. N/A NCT05544929 Phase I

Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.

Our Services

Anal cancer is complex and with the understanding of this complexity, we put together detailed strategies to overcome challenges, fast-tracking the conversion of your research work into impactful treatment options. Our multidisciplinary team provides a unique set of services which includes building anal cancer disease models, performing holistic biomarker identification, testing new drugs, and developing therapeutic interventions.

Therapeutic Development Services

Animal Model Development Services for Anal Cancer

Preclinical studies aimed at trial interventions can be performed on animal models which allow for particular therapeutic aims to be evaluated. With the use of modern genetic approaches and the latest facilities, we guarantee the creation of strong and dependable anal cancer animal models that can propel your anal cancer research forward and expedite the discovery of new therapeutics.

Genetically Engineering Model

These animals express HPV16 oncogenes (typically E6/E7), which mimics HPV-driven anal carcinogenesis.

Optional models: HPV16 E6/E7 transgenic model, etc.

Induced Disease Model

In these animal models, chemicals or virus are topically applied to promote the initiation and progression of anal cancer.

Optional models: Papillomavirus-mediated model, DMBA-induced model, etc.

Xenograft Model

Tumor samples obtained directly from anal cancer individuals are implanted into appropriate immunodeficient mice.

Optional models: Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, etc.

Protheragen provides a highly integrated, end-to-end service model that encapsulates everything from the original discovery and development of an innovative drug to follow-up pharmacokinetic evaluations and drug safety assessments. Reach out to us for further queries at your convenience.

References

  • Dhawan, Natasha et al. "Immunotherapy in Anal Cancer." Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) 30.5 (2023): 4538-4550.
  • Carchman, Evie, and Cristina B Sanger. "Anal cancer prevention: A field in need of scientific Advancement." Virology 602 (2025): 110323.

All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.

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