Colon Adenocarcinoma (CAC) is the most common type of colorectal cancer, which is defined as an invasive cancer of the colon and rectum. Protheragen delivers full preclinical development services concerning diagnostics and therapeutics for Colon Adenocarcinoma CAC. Our work begins with discovery and validation of the targets and follows with preclinical testing and working on the proposed therapies.
Overview of Colon Adenocarcinoma (CAC)
Colon Adenocarcinoma (CAC) is a very common type of cancer, being the most common subtype of colorectal cancer, CAC begins within the colon and is marked by the uncontrolled proliferation of cells, which creates glandular structures within the colon. It happens to be a major health concern globally, being the third most frequently occurring malignancy in terms of both prevalence and mortality. The condition usually develops in a stepwise fashion, from surgically resectable localized tumors to metastatic disease, and the survival rate within 5 years after diagnosis reduces significantly in later stages.
Fig.1 Alternative splicing of MKNK2 in CAC tissues is associated with the oncogenic properties of the tumors. (Liu H.,
et al., 2021)
Diagnostics Development for Colon Adenocarcinoma (CAC)
Molecular Markers and Biomarkers
Molecular markers and biomarkers are foundational for the diagnosis of CAC. Genetic alterations such as KRAS and TP53 are crucial for CAC diagnosis. In particular, the presence of KRAS mutations can predict resistance to some targeted therapies which can steer the therapeutic approach strategically. These biomarkers can be quantified with modern methodologies like next generation sequencing (NGS) and real time PCR, which also helps in earlier diagnosis and monitoring the stage of the disease.
Imaging and Histopathology
Obtaining precise imaging of the tumor's size, location, and metastasis requires advanced techniques like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT). These modalities aid in the accurate staging of CAC, which is vital for therapeutic planning. The use of myriad classical and modern techniques of microscopy like immunohistochemical (IHC) staining makes it possible to reveal important constituents of CAC like SRSF1, SRPK1, and PP1α.
Therapeutics of Colon Adenocarcinoma (CAC)
| Therapeutics |
Target |
Description |
Stage |
| Adjuvant chemotherapy |
Cancer cells |
Use of drugs to kill cancer cells after surgery to prevent recurrence. Includes drugs like capecitabine, oxaliplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan. |
Approved |
| Luteolin |
GPSM2 |
A natural flavonoid compound that inhibits the proliferation and invasion of CAC cells by targeting GPSM2 and regulating the FoxO signaling pathway. |
Preclinical |
| SRPK1/2 Inhibitors |
SRPK1/2 |
Small molecule inhibitors targeting SRPK1/2 to modulate alternative splicing of MKNK2, reducing the production of the oncogenic isoform Mnk2b. |
Preclinical |
| PP1α Activators |
PP1α |
Activators of protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) that counteract the effects of kinases like SRPK1/2, thereby reducing SRSF1 phosphorylation and inhibiting tumor growth. |
Preclinical |
| Mnk2b Inhibitors |
Mnk2b |
Inhibitors targeting the oncogenic kinase Mnk2b to reduce its pro-tumorigenic effects in CAC. |
Preclinical |
| Pyroptosis-Related lncRNA Modulators |
Pyroptosis-Related lncRNAs |
Modulators that target long non-coding RNAs involved in pyroptosis to induce cell death and inhibit tumor progression. |
Preclinical |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
Protheragen offers comprehensive services for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for colon adenocarcinoma (CAC). Our expertise spans the identification and validation of molecular markers, the development of targeted therapies, and the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches.
Diagnostics Development
- Karyotype Analysis Service
- Omics Analysis Service
- Biomarker Development Service
- Artificial Intelligence Service
Therapeutic Development
- Anticancer Peptide
- Gene Therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Monoclonal Antibody
- Phytotherapy
- Small Molecule Drug
- Therapeutic Cancer Vaccine
Disease Models
- Patient-Derived Colorectal Cancer Cells
- Genetically Engineered Organoids
- Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS) Induced Models
- Xenograft Models
Protheragen's preclinical research services for CAC are designed to accelerate the development of effective diagnostics and therapeutics. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
- Liu, Hongda, et al. "SRPK1/2 and PP1α exert opposite functions by modulating SRSF1-guided MKNK2 alternative splicing in colon adenocarcinoma." Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 40 (2021): 1-16.
- Yang, Chunjiao, et al. "Decrease in GPSM2 mediated by the natural product luteolin contributes to colon adenocarcinoma treatment and increases the sensitivity to fluorouracil." Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 176 (2024): 116847.
- Xia, Fada, Yuanliang Yan, and Cong Shen. "A prognostic pyroptosis-related lncRNAs risk model correlates with the immune microenvironment in colon adenocarcinoma." Frontiers in cell and developmental biology 9 (2021): 811734.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
