Localized malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon and highly aggressive type of cancer that attacks the mesothelial tissue of the lungs, peritoneum, or pericardium. Protheragen is actively working towards improving mesothelioma diagnostics and therapeutics. We offer advanced imaging and biomarker validation, and within our histopathology services, we conduct preclinical evaluations of new therapeutic agents, working towards more effective therapeutics.
Overview of Localized Malignant Mesothelioma
Localized malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon and highly aggressive cancer that forms from the mesothelial cells, which constitute the linings of several internal organs. While it may be found in the peritoneum or pericardium, it is predominantly found in the pleura, which is the lining of the lungs. The localized variant of this disease is marked by the presence of a tumor that is well-circumscribed and is free from spread to distant sites. The prognosis is better when the patient is treated earlier, as in the case of localized mesothelioma, which tends to progress rapidly into advanced stages.
Fig.1 Computed tomography scan (A) and positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan (B) showed a 5-cm tumor located in close relation to the fundus of the stomach. (Jeppesen T. D.,
et al., 2022)
Diagnostics Development for Localized Malignant Mesothelioma
- Histopathological Examination and Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Examining histopathological structures is still the most effective way to diagnose localized malignant mesothelioma. Biopsy samples are analyzed histologically, and the specific features of the tumor are assessed. Misdiagnosis is a substantial issue because of the negligence of localized malignant mesothelioma, as it is extremely rare, making differentiation from other neoplasms problematic. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is invaluable in defining the tumor's mesothelial origin. Important markers like BAP1, MTAP, and p16 (CDKN2A) are critical in ascertaining the diagnosis of mesothelioma. These indicators are often lost or mutated in mesothelial tumors, making them important diagnostic tools.
- Molecular Genetic Analysis
The role of molecular genetics in testing for malignant mesothelioma is becoming more widespread. Through genetic testing of the tumor, clinicians can distinguish localized malignant mesothelioma from other tumors. Also, localized forms of the disease can be diagnosed through certain mutations that can be acted upon for therapeutic purposes. For example, some mutations like the BAP1 gene and other genetic alterations are known to drive mesothelioma. Genetic testing can be performed to make assessments regarding the prognosis of the disease and, subsequently, the therapeutic options.
- Imaging and Radiological Tools
Besides histopathology and genetic analysis, imaging is crucial in diagnosing localized malignant mesothelioma. Imaging modalities like CT and MRI scans assist in evaluating the size of the tumor and its different dimensions. These tools help in determining if the tumor is contained or has metastasized. Nonetheless, the imaging characteristics of localized malignant mesothelioma may be nonspecific and lead to misdiagnosis in certain cases.
Therapeutics Development for Localized Malignant Mesothelioma
Targeted Therapy
Targeted therapies focus on certain molecules associated with the proliferation and survival of tumor cells. In the context of localized malignant mesothelioma, targeted therapies seek to disrupt the signaling pathways that result from altered genes. For example, there is an ongoing investigation into the use of drugs designed to block the BAP1 mutation, which is frequently seen in mesothelioma patients. Moreover, efforts are underway to develop small-molecule drugs designed to target important proteins like HDACs, which may be able to reverse gene silencing and control tumor progression.
Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy is a recently developed option for the therapeutic of some cancers, for example, localized malignant mesothelioma. Immune checkpoint inhibitors, for instance, pembrolizumab (Keytruda), are effective for treating pleural mesothelioma, and clinical trials are being conducted to assess the therapeutic’s endpoints in localized mesothelioma. These therapies are effective because they amplify the body's immune response to cancer. Another focus of research for mesothelioma therapeutic is the use of immunotherapy in combination with standard chemotherapy.
Our Services
Protheragen's advantage lies in our extensive experience and expertise in the field of localized malignant mesothelioma research. Our comprehensive suite of services, combined with our commitment to scientific excellence, ensures that our clients receive the highest quality support. We pride ourselves on our ability to navigate the complexities of mesothelioma diagnostics and therapeutics development, providing innovative solutions that drive progress in this challenging field.
Disease Models
- Murine Mesothelioma Organoids
- Asbestos-Induced Models
- Nf2, p53, and Ink4a/Arf Conditional Mouse Models
- Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models
Protheragen excels in preclinical research, offering a wide range of services tailored to the needs of localized malignant mesothelioma research. Our preclinical studies include in vitro and in vivo modeling, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluations, and safety assessments. We utilize advanced animal models and sophisticated analytical techniques to ensure that our clients receive robust and reproducible data, paving the way for successful clinical trials. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
Reference
- Jeppesen, Tanita Drejer, et al. "Localized malignant mesothelioma in the stomach and mediastinum." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 34.3 (2022): 485-487.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
