Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF) is an uncommon biphasic renal tumor that has distinctive challenges in diagnostics and therapeutics. At Protheragen, we apply our extensive biological knowledge to provide thorough support for Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF), especially in aiding research intended for improved diagnostics as well as prototypical therapeutic development.
Overview of Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF)
Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF) is a rare benign renal tumor with both stromal and epithelial components. MAF is one of the metanephric tumors, which includes metanephric adenoma and metanephric stromal tumor, first described in 1992 by Hennigar and Beckwith. This tumor mainly occurs in younger people between 13 months and 36 years, with a mean age of 28 months, and no significant difference between sexes. The epithelial component of MAF demonstrates almost universal positivity to AE1/AE3, WT1, CD57, and BRAF V600E. In addition, separate sections of the lesion display positivity for vimentin and CD34 along with variable expression of WT1 and BRAF V600E, comprising the stromal component.
Fig.1 H&E staining analysis of metanephric adenofibroma. (Aliyu, H. O.,
et al., 2022)
Pathogenesis of Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF)
The exact mechanisms of disease for Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF) are still not fully understood. MAF is thought to be a differentiated, mature variant of Wilms' tumor, which underscores some form of developmental association with the pathogenesis of Wilms' tumor. To date, no genetic or molecular studies have been performed to detect specific mutations or chromosomal aberrations characteristic of MAF. Unlike certain other renal tumors, there are no reports of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or specific gene mutation such as WT-1 associated with MAF, which is in contrast to the findings in Wilms' tumor. The lack of recurrence and metastases observed in MAF alongside its benign nature further muddles the waters when it comes to defining potential pathogenic mechanisms due to the lack of aggressive behavior typically seen in malignancies.
Diagnostics Development for Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF)
Radiological Diagnostics
Diagnostic imaging methods such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) scans are indispensable in the foundational assessment of potential renal masses. Nonetheless, they may be unhelpful when differentiating MAF from other solid renal tumors like Wilms' tumor or renal cell carcinoma. While ultrasound may show a complex sharply demarcated intra-parenchymal mass lesion, CT scans reveal solid renal tumors demonstrating variable enhancement. Regardless of these results, the ultimate diagnosis still rests on histopathological evaluation.
Histopathological Diagnostics
The gold standard approach to diagnosing MAF is with histopathological examination. The tumor exhibits a biphasic dual structure composed of epithelial and stromal parts. The bland acinar structures form the epithelial component, while the spindle cells along with myofibroblastic nodules constitute the stromal portion. Congruent with modern practices, immunohistochemical staining is crucial for confirming diagnosis and intra-epithelial and stromal components show characteristic expressions of WT-1, vimentin, PAX2 as well as other relevant markers. To illustrate, Yao et al (2015) described a case where the tumor cells were found to express WT-1 alongside vimentin, PAX2, AE1/AE3 and several other markers which confirmed his diagnosis of MAF.
Our Services
Protheragen provides complete Metanephric Adenofibroma (MAF) diagnostics and therapeutic development services. These include planning therapies and performing histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations on tissue specimens as part of preclinical research. We provide state-of-the-art facilities and expertise to support the development of accurate diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic strategies for MAF.
Disease Models
- Primary Cell Culture Models
- Kidney Organoid Models
- Patient-Derived Xenograft (PDX) Models
- Sglt2-Cre;FlcnΔ/Δ Models
- 2-Acetylaminofluorene (2-AAF) Induced Models
Protheragen's advantage in the area of diagnostics and therapeutics development for MAF stems from our unique methodologies and focus on scientific precision. Advanced infrastructure coupled with skilled researchers enables us to accurately diagnose and characterize MAF, thereby facilitating insights instrumental for effective therapeutics. In addition, we provide customized servicing tailored to meet our clients' requirements, which guarantees that optimal data and results are achieved. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
- Aliyu, H. O., et al. "A Rare Case of Metanephric Adenofibroma in a Young Adult in Zaria: A Case Report and Review of Literature." Annals of Tropical Pathology 13.2 (2022): 113-115.
- Yao, Dong-Wei, et al. "Metanephric adenofibroma in a 10-year-old boy: report of a case and review of the literature." International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Pathology 8.3 (2015): 3250.
All of our services and products are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.
