Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis is a rare but severe neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating granuloma formation in the central or peripheral nervous system. Building on our groundbreaking strides in the field, Protheragen is leading the charge in designing cutting-edge therapies aimed at improving the comprehensive management of this disorder. As your dedicated ally in the drug-development, we deliver unmatched expertise and services tailored to advance your research objectives.
Introduction to Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis represents a rare yet severe manifestation of systemic sarcoidosis, marked by non-caseating granulomas forming within either the central nervous system (CNS) or the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Affecting around 5–15% of individuals with sarcoidosis, it is observed more frequently in African Americans and in female patients. The clinical picture is varied, with symptoms differing based on the specific nervous structures involved, which complicates both diagnosis and treatment.
Fig.1 TNF-α role in the pathogenesis of neurosarcoidosis, multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuro-Behçet's disease. (Gonzalez Caldito N., 2023)
Pathogenesis of Neurosarcoidosis
Neurosarcoidosis arises from an aberrant immune reaction that leads to non-caseating granuloma development within the central nervous system. This phenomenon is predominantly propelled by an amplified Th1/Th17 axis accompanied by heightened macrophage activation. Key pro-inflammatory mediators, notably TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17, are overproduced, fostering granuloma genesis and persistence, and concurrently compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. The ensuing granulomatous inflammation inflicts neurologic injury both via direct parenchymal invasion and through mass effect on surrounding neural elements.
Fig.2 Schematic representation of sarcoidosis disease progression. (Besnard V, Jeny F., 2020)
Therapeutic Development for Neurosarcoidosis
| Drug Names | Mechanism of Action | Targets | Research Phase |
| Cyclosporine | Calcineurin inhibitor; suppresses T-cell activation and cytokine production | Calcineurin | Phase II |
| Cibinetide | Erythropoietin-derived peptide; anti-inflammatory and tissue-protective effects | EPOR-CD131 heteroreceptor complex | Phase II |
| Methotrexate | Antimetabolite; inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing lymphocyte proliferation | Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) | Phase III |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
As a dedicated preclinical research partner, Protheragen is committed to speeding progress against neurosarcoidosis. We deliver complete support that spans from diagnostic assay refinement through innovative therapeutic discovery, detailed mechanistic modeling, and stringent preclinical validation. Our proprietary blood-brain barrier model provides essential insights into CNS drug permeability, guiding formulation adjustments that maximize brain exposure and reduce peripheral toxicity.
Therapeutic Development Services
By Mechanism of Action
Disease Model Development Services
| Model Types | Model Names | |
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| In Vitro Models | ||
| Microfluidic Models | ||
| Animal Models |
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At Protheragen, we are committed to validating and optimizing therapies for neurosarcoidosis through preclinical studies including pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicology to ensure their successful regulatory approval. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact usfor more details and quotation information of related services.
References
- Gonzalez Caldito N. Role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in the central nervous system: a focus on autoimmune disorders[J]. Frontiers in Immunology, 2023, 14: 1213448.
- Besnard V, Jeny F. Models contribution to the understanding of sarcoidosis pathogenesis:"are there good models of sarcoidosis?"[J]. Journal of clinical medicine, 2020, 9(8): 2445.