Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) affects individuals intensely and persistently with debilitating flashbacks, intense emotional numbing, overwhelming hypervigilance, and persistent avoidance symptoms. Protheragen is optimally placed, with an extensive background in developing PTSD therapies, to assist you with your PTSD therapy research to commercialization journey with thoughtful, tailored strategies and extensive assistance.
Introduction to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder or PTSD is a serious mental health illness that can arise from experiencing trauma, like warfare, violence, or a natural calamity. PTSD has four distinct symptom clusters: intrusive memories, persistent avoidance of trauma-related stimuli, negative alterations in cognition and mood, and marked hyperarousal. The estimated prevalence of PTSD is about 4% of men and 10% of women. However, these statistics are subject to change based on the specific trauma and its intensity.
Fig.1 Physiological changes during post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (Aliev G, et al., 2020)
Pathogenesis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results from an improperly managed stress response system. Trauma exposure can cause hyperreactivity in the amygdala, impair contextual remembering dependent on the hippocampus, lower prefrontal region control, and is also associated with low cortisol and high levels of catecholamines.
Fig.2 Interaction between mental diseases and cardiac diseases. (Tian Y, et al., 2023)
Therapeutic Development for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
| Drug Name | Mechanism of Action | Targets | NCT Number | Research Phase |
| Hydrocortisone | Modulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; enhances fear extinction and memory consolidation | Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) | NCT00039715 | Phase II/III |
| Eszopiclone | Enhances GABAergic neurotransmission via allosteric modulation of GABA-A receptors | GABA-A receptor | NCT00120250 | Phase II |
| D-cycloserine | Partial agonist of NMDA receptors; facilitates fear extinction learning | NMDA receptor | NCT01157416 | Phase II/III |
| Propranolol | Non-selective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker; inhibits reconsolidation of traumatic memories | Beta-1 and Beta-2 adrenergic receptors | NCT00597389 | Phase II/III |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Our Services
Focused on offering complete strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Protheragen combines the creation of diagnostics with advanced in vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits for the early detection of diseases. For the developmental pipeline of the therapeutics, we utilize proprietary disease models like the physiologically relevant blood-brain barrier (BBB) models to accelerate the assessment and validation of CNS therapeutics.
Therapeutic Development Services
By Mechanism of Action
Disease Model Development Services
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To advance the commercialization of novel therapies for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Protheragen provides comprehensive preclinical research services, covering pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and toxicology studies. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details and quotation information of related services.
References
- Aliev G, Beeraka N M, Nikolenko V N, et al. Neurophysiology and psychopathology underlying PTSD and recent insights into the PTSD therapies—a comprehensive review[J]. Journal of clinical medicine, 2020, 9(9): 2951.
- Tian Y, Ullah H, Gu J, et al. Immune-metabolic mechanisms of post-traumatic stress disorder and atherosclerosis[J]. Frontiers in Physiology, 2023, 14: 1123692.