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- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy (BSCR)
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is characterized as a chronic and complex eye inflammation disease that is believed to affect primarily middle-aged individuals of European ancestry. Protheragen, leveraging years of expertise in biological research, is committed to providing comprehensive solutions for BSCR therapy development.
Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR) is a rare and chronic condition characterized by bilateral, posterior uveitis that mostly affects middle aged patients of European origin. This illness is marked by multiple creamy-white choroidal lesions of various sizes which resemble the pattern of birdshot when viewed from a distance, hence the name. BSCR is strongly related to the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) A29 allele, namely, HLA A*29:02 subtype. The disease is ocular in nature and has no corresponding systemic or extraocular features. While the benign form has a good prognosis, BSCR can also progress to threatening advanced forms of chorioretinal atrophy that endanger sight.
Fig.1 Color fundus photography in a case of BSCR. (Bousquet E., et al., 2022)| Therapeutics | Target | Description | Stage |
| Corticosteroids | Inflammation | Systemic corticosteroids are commonly used for acute inflammatory episodes. They are effective for short-term control but have significant side effects with long-term use. Often combined with other therapies to reduce dosage. | Approved |
| Sub-Tenon Triamcinolone Acetonide | Macular Edema | Used for localized therapeutics of macular edema. Effective but carries risks of cataracts and glaucoma. | Approved |
| Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implants (Ozurdex) | Macular Edema | Effective in treating macular edema but associated with increased risk of cataract and glaucoma. | Approved |
| Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide Implant | Inflammatory Signs | Demonstrated efficacy in treating inflammatory signs of BSCR but associated with cataract progression and glaucoma. | Approved |
| Cyclosporin | T Lymphocytes | Effective in maintaining visual acuity and limiting disease progression. Limited by nephrotoxicity and hypertension. | Approved |
| Tacrolimus | T-Cell Proliferation | Safer profile than cyclosporin in terms of renal toxicity and hypertension. Improves visual and functional parameters. | Approved |
| Azathioprine | Immunosuppression | Used as a steroid-sparing agent. Effective and well-tolerated. | Approved |
| Methotrexate | Immunosuppression | Used as a steroid-sparing agent. Effective and well-tolerated. | Approved |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF) | Immunosuppression | Widely used and proven effective and well-tolerated. | Approved |
| Infliximab | TNF-α | Monoclonal chimeric antibody used for refractory cases. Effective in controlling inflammation. | Approved |
| Adalimumab | TNF-α | Humanized anti-TNF-α antibody. Effective in improving visual acuity in refractory cases. | Approved |
| Daclizumab | IL-2 Receptor | Monoclonal antibody against the IL-2 receptor of T cells. Effective in decreasing inflammation in refractory cases. | Approved |
| Tocilizumab | IL-6 Receptor | Anti-IL6 receptor therapy. Effective in controlling inflammation in cases refractory to anti-TNF-α therapeutics. | Approved |
| Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIg) | Immune Modulation | Used in some cases, showing improvement in visual acuity and macular edema. | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research service. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
At Protheragen, we offer comprehensive services for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR). Our therapeutic development services encompass the use of corticosteroids, immunosuppressive drugs, biological therapies, and IVIg, tailored to the needs of our clients.
Protheragen's team of experts works closely with clients to design and implement research and development strategies that address the unique challenges of Birdshot chorioretinopathy (BSCR). If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
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