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Project Description

Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC) manifests through the retinal detachment usually centered at the macula. Protheragen is equipped with all the workflows necessary for CSC diagnostics and therapeutics development. Our facilities, along with our professional team, allow us to meet the sophisticated requirements of our clients with advanced solutions.

Overview of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a retinal disorder characterized by serous retinal detachment, specifically at the macula, usually associated with pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs), retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) dysfunction, choroidal thickening, choroidal hyperpermeability, and venous overload. CSC is ranked fourth among non-surgical retinopathies with fluid leakage, and it typically presents in men between 20 to 50 years of age, with the reported male-to-female ratio between 2:1 and 6:1.

Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) has been traditionally and arbitrarily classified into acute and chronic forms, dependent on the duration of subretinal fluid.

Fig.1 Types of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). (Fung A. T., et al., 2023)

Pathogenesis of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)

The pathogenesis of CSC comes from various factors which includes the sclera, RPE and the choroid. The leading cause of this disorder is venous overload choroidopathy. It explains that increased scleral thickness results to lowered fluid permeability across the sclera as well as compression of the vortex veins, greatly reducing blood flow. This causes backpressure which leads to dilation of Haller's layer. The chronic venous capacitance may initiate a series of events leading to increased choroidal permeability as well as SRF leakage.

Another theory revolves around RPE dysfunction, wherein damage to the pumping mechanism of the RPE leads to fluid movement from the choriocapillaris to the subretinal space. Moreover, corticosteroids have been noted in the literature regarding the pathogenesis of CSC, as the use of exogenous corticosteroids is an established risk factor.

Therapeutics Development for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC)

Systemic Drugs
Eplerenone and spironolactone as mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have been tried with varying degrees of success. These medications may enhance anatomical results in acute CSC cases, but their chronic counterparts are uncertain. Other systemic therapeutics such as finasteride, mifepristone, ketoconazole, and melatonin have been studied but do not provide compelling evidence of substantial benefit.

Intravitreal Therapy
Targeting choroidal hyperpermeability has led to the study of intravitreal therapy—especially with anti-VEGF agents. Nevertheless, the effectiveness of anti-VEGF medications in CSC is still under debate, with some studies showing no clear advantages for visual acuity or anatomical measures. In the absence of CNV, intravitreal anti-VEGF therapeutic is largely not advised for CSC.

Our Services

Protheragen provides a complete suite of services related to the diagnostic and therapeutic of Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSC). Our services extend to all preclinical research activities ranging from target identification to the full development of therapeutics.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service
Customized Diagnostics Development

Therapeutic Development

Small Molecule Drug
Cell Therapy
Gene Therapy
Therapeutic Antibody
Therapeutic Peptide
Therapeutic Protein
Customized Therapy Development

Disease Models

Adrenaline Induced Models
Retinal Pigment Epithelial (RPE) Cell Cultures
Choroidal Endothelial Cell Cultures
Retinal Organoids
Choroidal Organoids

Protheragen is engaged in the preclinical stages of designing new drugs and therapies for CSC. Our team of scientists collectively works to discover various targets for therapeutics as well as develop new novel attacking methods. We integrate modern technologies and methodologies to guarantee that the work performed at our laboratories is solid, reproducible, and applicable to future human trials. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

Reference

Fung, Adrian T., Yi Yang, and Andrew W. Kam. "Central serous chorioretinopathy: a review." Clinical & experimental ophthalmology 51.3 (2023): 243-270.