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- Sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO)
The development of therapies for sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) necessitates a multidisciplinary approach involving refined diagnostics, directed immunosuppression, and biologic therapeutic modalities. Protheragen appreciates that each customer has distinct needs. Because of this, our specialized services offer customizable plans that target particular needs associated with the diagnosis and therapeutic gaps for sympathetic ophthalmia.
Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is an uncommon bilateral condition involving granulomatous panuveitis that usually occurs after penetrating trauma to one eye or a surgical procedure. An autoimmune reaction takes place wherein the sympathizing eye without injury develops inflammatory changes due to the trauma or surgery applied on the exciting eye. The interval between initial trauma and symptom presentation is quite variable, anywhere from a few days to several years, although most cases present within 3 months, and 90% present within a year of the injury. SO is a critical condition which, without prompt therapeutics, can severely damage sight, or even lead to blindness.
Fig.1 After the inciting event, the antigen-presenting cells (APC) present the antigen peptide to autoreactive CD4+ cells. (Paulbuddhe V., et al., 2021)| Therapeutics | Target | Description | Research Stage |
| Corticosteroids | General Inflammation | High-dose systemic corticosteroids are the first line of therapeutics. They rapidly reduce inflammation but are associated with significant side effects. | Approved |
| Azathioprine | Immune System | An immunomodulatory agent that inhibits purine synthesis, reducing the activity of T and B lymphocytes. Used to spare corticosteroids and manage long-term therapeutics. | Approved |
| Methotrexate | Immune System | A folic acid analogue that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, reducing the proliferation of rapidly dividing cells. Effective in managing chronic inflammation. | Approved |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | Immune System | Inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, reducing purine synthesis and lymphocyte proliferation. Used in refractory cases. | Approved |
| Cyclosporine | Immune System | A calcineurin inhibitor that suppresses T-cell activation, reducing inflammation. Often used in combination with corticosteroids. | Approved |
| Cyclophosphamide | Immune System | An alkylating agent used in severe, refractory cases. It has significant toxicity and is used as a last resort. | Approved |
| Infliximab | TNF-α | A monoclonal antibody that binds to TNF-α, reducing inflammation. Used in refractory cases where traditional immunosuppressive agents fail. | Approved |
| Adalimumab | TNF-α | A fully humanized monoclonal antibody against TNF-α, used in refractory cases and approved by the FDA for non-infectious uveitis. | Approved |
| Tocilizumab | IL-6 Receptor | An IL-6 receptor antagonist used in refractory cases, showing promise in controlling inflammation. | Approved |
| Intravitreal Steroids | Local Inflammation | Intravitreal injections or implants (e.g., dexamethasone, fluocinolone acetonide) to reduce intraocular inflammation and spare systemic corticosteroids. | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research service. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Protheragen provides a full range of services for the diagnostics and therapeutics development of sympathetic ophthalmia. This includes an all-embracive service of scope from initial research through to advanced preclinical trials, guaranteeing that clients receive bespoke services tailored to their requirements.
Recognizing the unique challenges posed by sympathetic ophthalmia, Protheragen's team of specialists is dedicated to developing customized preclinical research solutions to address the specific needs of our clients. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
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