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- Orbital Myositis
The diagnosis and therapeutic of orbit myositis are complex given its rarity, and specificity and require an interdisciplinary approach. At Protheragen, we seek to innovate orbital myositis research with our extensive diagnostic and therapeutic development services.
Orbital myositis is an uncommon form of inflammation that occurs in extraocular muscles orbits. It causes profound pain alongside vision problems. It is usually linked with acute or subacute painful ophthalmoplegia, proptosis, and conjunctival hyperemia. This condition usually develops in young to middle aged adults especially women. The condition can be idiopathic or associated with systemic inflammatory diseases, making accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy development crucial for effective therapeutics.
Fig.1 Conjunctival biopsy taken was normal and showed no sign of lymphoproliferative disease. (Davis G., et al., 2023)
Laboratory Diagnostics
In the assessment of orbital myositis, laboratory diagnostics do not take a back seat. Evaluation orders like complete blood counts (CBC) may uncover the presence of infection or inflammation, while ESR, CRP, and other indicators of inflammatory activity will provide deeper insights. Furthermore, targeted autoantibody profiling with antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) may uncover other systemic inflammatory or autoimmune pathology underlying the inflammation of the orbit.
Biopsy and Histopathology
A biopsy makes it possible to see complex inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, and other changes within the affected muscles. The histopathologic examination usually shows infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells and fibrosis, at least in more advanced cases. While biopsy can provide definitive diagnostic information, it is generally reserved for cases where malignancy or other serious conditions cannot be ruled out by less invasive means.
| Therapeutics | Target | Description | Stage |
| Corticosteroids | Inflammatory pathways | Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone, methylprednisolone) are the first-line therapeutic. They provide rapid relief of symptoms by reducing inflammation. However, they are associated with significant side effects and frequent relapses upon tapering. | Approved |
| Methotrexate | Immune system | An immunosuppressive agent used as a steroid-sparing drug. It is effective in reducing the need for high-dose corticosteroids and managing relapses. | Approved |
| Cyclosporine | Immune system | An immunosuppressive drug used to reduce inflammation and prevent relapses. It is often used in cases where corticosteroids are not effective or cause intolerable side effects. | Approved |
| Azathioprine | Immune system | Another immunosuppressive agent is used to manage chronic or recurrent cases of orbital myositis. It helps in reducing the frequency of relapses and steroid dependency. | Approved |
| Infliximab | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) | A biologic agent used in refractory cases where traditional immunosuppressive agents are ineffective. It targets TNF-α, a key cytokine involved in inflammation. | Approved |
| Adalimumab | Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) | A biologic agent used in cases with recurrent disease or steroid dependency. It helps in reducing inflammation and improving outcomes. | Approved |
| Mycophenolate Mofetil | Immune system | An immunosuppressive drug used to prevent organ rejection in transplant patients and is being explored for its potential in managing orbital myositis. | Approved |
| IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin) | Immune system | Used in cases where conventional steroid-sparing agents are ineffective or contraindicated. It helps modulate the immune response and reduce inflammation. | Approved |
| Radiation Therapy | Inflammatory tissue | Used as a corticosteroid-sparing alternative, particularly in cases of steroid intolerance or non-responsiveness. It helps in reducing inflammation and preventing relapses. | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research service. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Protheragen offers comprehensive services for the development of diagnostics and therapeutics for orbital myositis. Our expertise spans the spectrum from laboratory-based diagnostics to innovative therapeutic strategies.
Protheragen excels in preclinical research services for orbital myositis, leveraging our extensive experience and advanced technological platforms. Our preclinical studies are designed to rigorously assess the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of emerging therapeutic agents. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
References
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