Diplopia is a complex visual symptom that is defined as the simultaneous presentation of two pictures or images of a single object. Protheragen's comprehensive preclinical services are strategically positioned to support the development of innovative diagnostic tools and effective therapeutic interventions for this debilitating condition.
Diplopia, or double vision, is a multifaceted and dual-field ophthalmologic and neurologic condition, which may harm a patient's visual capabilities and life quality. It can be subdivided into monocular or binocular diplopia which varies on whether one eye is occluded or not. Monocular diplopia is caused by refractive error, corneal deformities, or intraocular lesions, whereas binocular diplopia is caused by eye misalignment from cranial nerve palsies or orbital CNS lesions.
Fig.1 Representative schematic of the Virtual Reality-Based Binocular Single Visual Field (VR-BSVF) testing paradigm. (Yu B., et al., 2025)Laboratory Diagnostics
Laboratory examinations are essential in identifying systemic illnesses which might be responsible for diplopia. Determining thyroid function, autoimmune progress such as thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin and inflammatory processes like the erythrocyte sedimentation rate must be evaluated in an attempt to establish the diagnosis of thyrobulbar disease or other autoimmune diseases. As for the possible infectious cause, tests for some pathogens may be useful.
Genetic Diagnostics
In some instances, genetic screening may be able to detect familial traits that increase the likelihood of developing diplopia. Consider, for example, the genetic mutations that can cause mitochondrial diseases. Such mutations can result in myopathy associated with ophthalmoplegia, leading to diplopia. The early detection of these mutations permits better control of these conditions and their complications.
| Therapeutics | Target | Description | Stage |
| Pyridostigmine | Neuromuscular Junction | An acetylcholinesterase inhibitor is used to improve muscle strength in myasthenia gravis, thereby reducing diplopia. | Approved |
| Corticosteroids | Inflammatory Pathways | Used to reduce inflammation in conditions like thyroid eye disease and idiopathic orbital inflammation, helping to alleviate diplopia caused by muscle swelling or restriction. | Approved |
| Botulinum Toxin Type A | Extraocular Muscles | Injected into overactive muscles to temporarily weaken them, providing symptomatic relief in cases of strabismus or hypertropia. | Approved |
| Antibiotics/Antivirals | Infectious Agents | Used to treat infectious causes of diplopia, such as orbital cellulitis or viral infections affecting the cranial nerves. | Approved |
Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research service. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.
Protheragen provides comprehensive services for the diagnostics and therapeutics development of diplopia. With state-of-the-art facilities and an experienced team, we excel in drug discovery, preclinical research, and disease model development. We leverage the latest technologies to provide tailored therapy development solutions.
Protheragen offers comprehensive preclinical services to support the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics for diplopia. Our experienced team of biological specialists and our state-of-the-art facilities are equipped to handle a wide range of preclinical studies. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.
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