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Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome

Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (OIS) or orbital pseudotumor is a group of varied inflammatory diseases most commonly referred to as orbital inflammation that lacks a distinguishing local or systemic etiology. Protheragen specializes in providing comprehensive preclinical research and development services for the diagnosis and therapeutics of complex inflammatory diseases, including orbital inflammatory syndrome.

Overview of Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome

Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome (OIS) refers to a diverse set of diseases marked by inflammations in the orbit that are not infectious in nature, and which have no definable local or body-wide cause. Such a condition which is also known as idiopathic orbital inflammation or orbital pseudotumor is a rare clinical entity and can affect multiple structures within the orbit such as the extraocular muscles, lacrimal glands, and even the orbital fat. OIS is also known to have a wide range of variability in regard to symptom severity including small amounts of pain and swelling to complete proptosis, vision impairment, and double vision.

MRI Analysis of Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome Cases.

Fig.1 MRI analysis of cases of orbital inflammatory syndrome. (Depraetere C., et al., 2025)

Diagnostics Development for Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome

Histopathological Examination
The classification system by Mombaerts is well known for stratifying the histopathological subtypes of OIS. The most frequent subtype is classical orbital pseudotumor which has an inflammatory cell mix of lymphocytes, plasma cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, and some macrophages. Other subtypes are sclerosing orbital pseudotumor, granulomatous orbital pseudotumor, and vasculitic orbital pseudotumor, all of which have different distinct histopathological features.

Laboratory Tests
Laboratory tests are commonly performed to aid in the diagnosis of OIS while simultaneously ruling out other systemic diseases. Evaluation of complete blood counts, thyroid function, ESR, and CRP are commonly performed to establish the presence of systemic inflammation. In some cases, additional testing to measure antinuclear antibody (ANA) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels may be required to rule out other autoimmune or granulomatous diseases.

Therapeutics of Orbital Inflammatory Syndrome

Therapeutics	Target	Description	Stage
Corticosteroids	Inflammatory Pathways (e.g., NF-κB, COX-2)	Systemic corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) are the first-line therapeutics for OIS. They work by suppressing the immune system and reducing inflammation.	Approved
Methotrexate	Folate Metabolism (DHFR inhibition)	Methotrexate is an immunosuppressive agent used as an adjunct to corticosteroids in patients with refractory or relapsing OIS. It inhibits dihydrofolate reductase, leading to reduced DNA synthesis and proliferation of immune cells.	Approved
Azathioprine	Purine Metabolism	Azathioprine is another immunosuppressive drug used in OIS. It interferes with purine metabolism, reducing the proliferation of immune cells.	Approved
Mycophenolate Mofetil	Guanosine Nucleotide Synthesis (IMPDH inhibition)	Mycophenolate mofetil inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, a key enzyme in the de novo pathway of guanosine nucleotide synthesis. This leads to reduced proliferation of immune cells and decreased inflammation.	Approved
Ciclosporin	Calcineurin (T-cell activation inhibition)	Ciclosporin is a calcineurin inhibitor that prevents the activation of T cells. It is used in the management of OIS to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation.	Approved

Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research service. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.

Our Services

Protheragen provides full-scope services for OIS diagnostics and therapeutics development. Our seasoned scientists collaborate with all clients closely to create specific strategies with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for every individual requirement.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service

Therapeutic Development

Small Molecule Drug
Cell Therapy
Gene Therapy
Therapeutic Antibody
Therapeutic Peptide
Therapeutic Protein
Customized Therapy Development

Disease Models

Oxazolone-Induced Murine Models
TSHR-Primed Spleen Cell Transfer Models
Genetic Immunization with TSHR A-Subunit Models
Phorbol Ester-Induced Rabbit Models

Preclinical Research

Pharmacodynamics Study Services
Pharmacokinetics Study Services
Drug Safety Evaluation Services
Customized Research Services

Protheragen's preclinical research services for OIS focus on understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of the disease and developing novel therapeutic approaches. We employ a range of in vitro and in vivo models to study the biological processes underlying OIS and evaluate the efficacy and safety of potential therapeutic agents. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

Depraetere, Chloe, et al. "Recurrent orbital inflammatory syndrome as a presenting sign of multiple myeloma: a case report." Journal of Ophthalmic Inflammation and Infection 15.1 (2025): 11.
Swamy, Brighu Narayan, et al. "Idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome: clinical features and treatment outcomes." British journal of ophthalmology 91.12 (2007): 1667-1670.