Solutions

Online Inquiry

* Your Name

* Phone Number

* E-mail Address

* Services Interested

Project Description

Please note that we are a research service provider, not a pharmacy or clinic, so we are unable to see patients and do not offer diagnostic and treatment services for individuals.

Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

Preseptal and orbital cellulitis are inflammatory conditions affecting the soft tissues around the eye. Protheragen provides full-spectrum diagnostic and therapeutic development research services specifically focused on preseptal and orbital cellulitis.

Overview of Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

Both preseptal and orbital cellulitis have soft tissue inflammatory lesions around the orbit as their common denominator, however, they differ in their anatomical locations. Preseptal cellulitis is limited to the tissues superficial to the orbital septum, with clinical signs of eyelid swelling and redness, while vision and ocular movements are preserved. On the other hand, orbital cellulitis encompasses tissues deep to the orbital septum, which includes the orbital fat and muscles, leading to serious complications like optic neuropathy, cavernous sinus thrombosis, and intracranial abscesses.

Fig. 1 Point-of-care ultrasound demonstrating a cobblestone appearance consistent with cellulitis. (Long, B., et al., 2022)

Diagnostics Development for Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

Imaging Diagnostics
Radiographic imaging is vital for diagnosing preseptal and orbital cellulitis. CT scans provide clear pictures of the orbital contents and the paranasal sinuses, which assist in confirming abscesses and the involvement of the orbit. The use of intravenous contrast improves the distinction of abscesses from inflammatory tissues. MRI is highly effective at distinguishing soft tissues that have non-metallic foreign bodies, and, if suspected, intracranial tissues.
Laboratory Diagnostics
Diagnostic methods of the lab incorporate blood cultures, which may often be negative, but still assist in identifying the causative organisms. Especially in the case of abscesses, cultures from ocular secretions, nasal swabs, and sinus aspirates can yield useful information. With respect to the identification of pathogens, modern molecular diagnostics like polymerase chain reactions (PCR) and next-generation sequencing greatly aid in the timely identification of pathogens and in guiding focused antibiotic therapy.

Therapeutics of Preseptal and Orbital Cellulitis

Therapeutics	Target	Description	Stage
Vancomycin	Gram-positive bacteria (e.g., MRSA)	Broad-spectrum antibiotic used empirically for severe infections, particularly effective against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).	Approved
Cefotaxime	Gram-negative bacteria	Third-generation cephalosporin provides broad coverage against gram-negative organisms, often used in combination with other antibiotics.	Approved
Metronidazole	Anaerobic bacteria	Antimicrobial agents targeting anaerobic infections, commonly used in combination with other antibiotics to cover a wide range of pathogens.	Approved
Piperacillin-Tazobactam	Broad-spectrum coverage	Combination antibiotic effective against a wide range of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, including Pseudomonas species.	Approved
Ticarcillin-Clavulanate	Broad-spectrum coverage	Beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination provides broad-spectrum activity against various bacterial pathogens.	Approved
Ceftriaxone	Gram-negative bacteria	Third-generation cephalosporin used for its broad-spectrum activity against gram-negative organisms.	Approved
Fluoroquinolones	Gram-negative bacteria	Broad-spectrum antibiotics used as alternatives for patients with penicillin allergies, effective against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria.	Approved
Intravenous Corticosteroids	Inflammatory response	Used adjunctively to reduce inflammation and edema, particularly in cases with significant sinus involvement. Controversial due to potential immunosuppression.	Approved
Antifungal Therapy	Fungal infections (e.g., mucormycosis, aspergillosis)	Used in immunocompromised cases with fungal infections, often in combination with surgical debridement.	Approved

Disclaimer: Protheragen focuses on providing preclinical research services. This table is for information exchange purposes only. This table is not a treatment plan recommendation. For guidance on treatment options, please visit a regular hospital.

Our Services

Protheragen incorporates advanced technologies to enhance the diagnostics and therapeutics of these conditions. We provide services such as AI-based high-throughput pathogen screening, customized antibiotic susceptibility panels, and imaging technologies to accelerate abscess detection. We establish a mouse model of sinusitis-derived orbital cellulitis for preclinical evaluation.

Diagnostics Development

Karyotype Analysis Service
Omics Analysis Service
Biomarker Development Service
Artificial Intelligence Service
Customized Diagnostics Development Service

Therapeutic Development

Disease Models

Staphylococcus aureus Infection Models
Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection Models
Human Conjunctival Epithelial Cell (HCEC) Models
Human Ocular Surface Organoids

Preclinical Research

Protheragen's preclinical research services encompass a wide range of capabilities, from in vitro studies to animal models of infection. Our team specializes in the development and validation of diagnostic assays, as well as the evaluation of novel antibiotics and combination therapies. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us.

References

Long, Brit, and Michael Gottlieb. "Diagnosis and management of cellulitis and abscess in the emergency department setting: an evidence-based review." The Journal of Emergency Medicine 62.1 (2022): 16-27.
Lee, Seongmu, and Michael T. Yen. "Management of preseptal and orbital cellulitis." Saudi Journal of Ophthalmology 25.1 (2011): 21-29.