siRNA

Small interfering RNA, abbreviated as siRNA, forms a group of double-stranded RNA molecules that serve a critical function within the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. This pathway is essential in conducting gene expression regulation, organism development, virus protection, and transposon control.

The interplay commences when a larger double-stranded RNA molecule is dissected into approximately 21-23 nucleotide pairs of siRNAs via the enzyme, Dicer. Subsequently, one strand of the siRNA, referred to as the guide strand, associates with the protein known as RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex). This complex then engages with the corresponding mRNA molecule, triggering its breakdown and subsequently obstructing the synthesis of the protein coded by the mRNA.

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